Mood disorders types,symptoms,treatment an overview

                                                                   

           

                                                          MOOD DISORDERS

 

Health care providers categorize all forms of depression and bipolar disorders together under the umbrella term "mood disorder."Mood disorders can affect kids, teenagers, and adults. Children and teenagers, however, don't always exhibit the same symptoms as adults. Children often lack the language to articulate their emotions, making it more difficult to diagnose mood disorders in them. Mood disorders can be treated with medication, therapy, self-care, and support. Mood disorders can be classified into two main categories: bipolar disorders and depressive disorders. There are various kinds in both groups. Depression disorders Depressive disorders lead to a loss of enjoyment in most or all activities, which eventually lowers your standard of living. You might experience decreased energy, difficulty sleeping, difficulty focusing, changes in appetite, and disinterest. You might also be in pain, exhausted, or experience feelings of guilt or worthlessness

Types of mood disorders

Mood disorders are divided into two major groups: depressive disorders and bipolar disorders. Both groups include different types.

Depressive disorders:

Depressive disorders cause loss of pleasure in most or all activities and ultimately affect your quality of life. You could have less energy, trouble sleeping, trouble concentrating, and changes in appetite and lack interest. You also could have feelings of worthlessness or guilt and be in pain and tired.

Types of depressive disorders include:

·         Major depression — typically lasts for at least two weeks and often longer than four weeks.

·         Seasonal affective disorder — occurs at certain times of the year, typically with a change of season.

·         Persistent depressive disorder — a long-term form of depression that causes feelings of sadness, emptiness and often hopelessness.

·         Disruptive mood deregulation disorder — a diagnosis used for children and teenagers. It features constant, serious and lasting testiness with frequent temper outbursts that are not consistent with the age of the child.

·         Premenstrual dysphonic disorder — features mood changes, hopelessness and feelings of being overwhelmed or out of control. These symptoms occur in the 10 days before a menstrual period and go away within a few days after a period begins.

·         Depression related to a medical condition — features a great loss of pleasure in most or all activities due to the physical effects of another medical health problem.

·         Depression related to substance or medicine use — features depression symptoms that start during or soon after using a street drug or medicine, or after withdrawal from these substances.

Bipolar disorders:

Bipolar disorders feature mood swings that include emotional highs called manic or hypo manic episodes, and lows, called depressive episodes. These highs and lows are usually continuous. But they also can change from high to low or low to high — or shift into a normal mood. Sometimes both the highs and lows might occur together. This is called a mixed episode. You could be easily distracted and have racing thoughts. Your sleep also could be affected.

Types include:

·         Bipolar I disorder — feature a constantly elevated mood that lasts for at least one week. This is called a manic episode. It affects your overall ability to function and makes it more likely that you'll take part in risky behavior.

·         Bipolar II disorder — features constantly elevated moods — called hypomania — that last at least four days and less than one week. There may be risky behaviors, but usually hypomania does not greatly affect your ability to function. But other people should be able to notice that something is different about you.

·         Cyclothymiacs — features shifts from emotional highs to emotional lows that can affect your ability to function. The emotional ups and downs are not as extreme as those in bipolar I or II disorder.

·         Bipolar related to a medical condition — features symptoms that are the same as bipolar disorder, but they can be due to a medical condition. For example, Cushing's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke and traumatic brain injury can cause bipolar mania or hypomania.

·         Bipolar related to the use of certain substances — features symptoms that are the same as bipolar disorder, but they can be due to alcohol, street drugs or medicine.

Symptoms

Symptoms depend on the type of mood disorder.

Depressive disorders

Depressive disorders are common and often long-lasting. They can:

·         Cause you to feel sad, empty, anxious and cranky.

·         Affect your ability to focus and function.

·         Cause loss of pleasure in most or all activities.

·         Affect your energy level and quality of life.

·         Make you feel worthless or guilty.

·         Affect how much you eat and sleep.

·         Raise thoughts about suicide.

Bipolar disorders

Bipolar disorders may feature:

·         Moods that go back and forth between emotional highs, called mania or hypomania, and lows, called depression.

·         Feeling on top of the world, superior to others, or that you're so strong that nothing can harm or change you.

·         Racing thoughts.

·         Increased energy.

·         Disrupted sleep, usually a decreased need for sleep, but a continued high energy level.

·         Impulsive behaviors.

Client also could be easily distracted and more likely to think about suicide or plan for suicide, depending on the seriousness of symptoms.

 Treatments for mood disorders are frequently effective.

 Possible course of treatment may be included:

Antidepressant and mood-stabilizing medications have demonstrated excellent efficacy in the treatment of depression, particularly when paired with psychotherapy.

Psychotherapy, usually it is  in the form of interpersonal or cognitive-behavioral treatment. The goal of this therapy is to help the patient change their skewed perceptions of both their surroundings and themselves. Additionally, it facilitates the development of interpersonal relationships and teaches how to recognize and avoid environmental stresses.
Other treatments include Transcranial stimulation and electroconvulsive therapy.
Family counseling: Families are an essential source of support for any kind of treatment.
People with mood disorders can have stable, fulfilling lives with good health when they receive the proper diagnosis and treatment.

 Possibility to prevent mood disorder
There are currently no methods to stop the prevalence of mental illnesses. Nonetheless, prompt diagnosis and treatment can lessen the intensity of symptoms, support a person's natural development, and enhance the quality of life for those who suffer from mood disorders.